Building a Fleet of Vehicles That Are Able To Serve the Local Demand Essay

Building a Fleet of Vehicles That Are Able To Serve the Local Demand - Essay Example Such instances can be discouraging and unpleasant to clients; more especially in instances where the clients are used to driving specific kinds of cars. In instances where clients fail to find there preferred cars for rental, they are compelled to either settle for the available cars or seek alternative providers. This is either down-cresting or time consuming depending on the option a client opts for. Zip Car Rental seeks to bridge this gap and ensure clients get value for their services through tailor-made services, in addition to getting satisfactory services. Setting up a car rental company requires earlier acquaintance with the industry and hence prior knowledge of the dynamics affecting the industry. Although starting such a business may be considered easy to start, it actually is not and requires a more problem-oriented approach. The proposed approach to solving the described problem takes into multiple considerations that will enhance the position of the business within the industry. A deeper into the fundamentals of the business reveals that procedures for car rental are way more complicated in terms of sales handling as well as managerial operations. This is, as a matter of fact, due to the fact that it does involve a sale of single inventory units (cars), it instead focuses on the allocation of time for usage of the vehicles. The main features will include: The car rental business is one characterized by lots of risks, not just to those who hire cars but also to the fleet of cars and entire business operations. Consequently, liability insurance is important to secure the business from possible losses resulting from any of the aforementioned risks. For a car rental business, the car fleet is a central asset in ensuring success.  Consequently, it will be important to come up with a fleet of diverse cars that will satisfy the needs of the diverse market.  Ã‚  

Portfolio Selection Essay Example for Free

Portfolio Selection Essay The modern theory of portfolio has clearly conceptualized the notion of optimal portfolio. According to this theory the investors always try to achieve the highest possible return from their investment in any asset or portfolio of assets while they want to minimize the associated risks. Actually the theory tells about the rational behavior of the investors who always intend to maximize the return from their investment with an acceptable level of risk. (Financial Concepts: The Optimal Portfolio). In 1952 Harry Markowitz first uses such an approach of optimal portfolio selection. His works has showed us that the investors can invest in different portfolio of assets having varying level of risks and returns. In this case first the investors are required to decide on the risks which they are able to handle and then they should diversify their portfolio based upon their decisions. Such an idea given by Harry Markowitz has brought revolution in the theory of financial economics and modernizes the functionalities of investment practice. All these workings of Harry Markowitz have been recognized by giving him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1990. According to the basic principle of the economics, in the facade of trade-offs all the economic decisions are taken since the scarcity of resources is always there. According to Markowitz, the economic behavior of an investor can always be described by the trade-off between the expected return and the associated risk of investment. An investment decision can not merely be explained by the securities which an investor own, rather it is explained by the mechanism of divisions of the wealth of an investor among different securities. Here comes the portfolio selection problem of an investor. In an article published in March 1952 and through all the subsequent workings, Markowitz has established the linier programming method for developing the algorithm of critical line which can be used to identify the possible portfolio of securities that minimize risk when the level of expected return is given and that maximize return when the level of risk is given. Standard deviation of the actual returns from the expected return is used as the measurement of risk. The portfolio graph of standard deviation in relation to the expected return builds the efficient frontier which then can be used as a trade-off between the expected return and the associated risk. This efficient frontier is a replication of all the diversified portfolios as the portfolio diversification is a tool used to reduce risk. The basic meaning of portfolio diversification is very clear. It tells that a rational investor should not invest all his/her money in a single security, rather the investors must diversify his/her money into different portfolio of securities. To select a portfolio of assets, a mean-variance analysis has been developed by Markowitz. For allocation of assets the technique of mean-variance analysis has been highly applied in the theory of investment over the last decade. The allocation of assets is nothing but the selection of portfolio of assets where the investors invest in a collection of securities rather than in an individual security. Portfolio analysis not only requires the formation of expected return and standard deviation of the assets but also the correlation of returns between each pair of assets of a portfolio. (Kaplan, January, 1998). Beta values of shares or beta coeffecients have been used by the investors for measuring the changes in the relative values of a share. When an investor put his/her money into a portfolio of assets, the beta values also help to assess the associated risks of investments. The beta value is calculated with the help of the historical share price of the assets and market index information. We can get an idea about the previous sensitivity of a stock relative to market by analyzing the beta values. (Share Prices Beta Values, 2010). Findings: The theory of portfolio investment tells about the risk aversion characteristics of the investors. The investors are required to be compensated for holding more risky securities so that they take an additional amount of risk. If risk is higher, the potential return is also higher. The compensation provided to the investors for holding risky assets is known as risk premium. The risk premium of each share is different. When an investor invests in a particular share, the expected earnings of the investor from that share may be higher than the overall market if he/she perceives that the share is more risky. Similarly the expected earnings from a share may be lower than the overall market is the investor perceives that the share is less risky in comparison with the market. Actually the relationship between the return expected from a share and the return expected from the overall market is described by the beat values. The standard index of beta is 1. This implies that in a trading day, if there is a 1% increase in the Australian Security exchange (ASX), a share price with a beta of 1. 5 is expected to increase by 1. 5%. Similarly the performance of the share would become worse if the market index falls. Therefore, if the beta of a share is greater than 1, it implies that the share is more risky and high sensitive than the market index. If the beta of a share is less than one, it implies that the share is less risky and less sensitive than the market index. If beta is equal to 1, it implies that the share is following the market index. (WOW Fastrack Investment Group: Current goal a share portfolio worth $150,000, n. d. ). Analysis: In our analysis we have taken ten companies listed on the ASX. We have considered a time period of six years (1999 to 2004). The historical share price of these 10 companies is taken. We take weekly data for our analysis. Beside these 10 companies we have also considered another company ( Westpack Banking)as standard with which we will measure the movement share prices of these 10 companies. The starting date of the data is 4th January 1999 and the end date of the data is 14th June 2004. Since we have considered weekly data as available, to calculate return of each asset, we transformed the returns into the 52 week average value. Finally we take the 6 years average return of those 52 week average value as the asset means of those 10 shares. We have shown this by the table 1 as follows.

Essay --

LINGUISTIC CURRY Posted on January 15,2014. I returned to India after a long period and at the airport I hear an announcement saying â€Å"Welcome, Mumbai me aapka swagat he!’ these words took me back to my college days where we used to communicate in hinglish- the merger of English and other Indian vernacular languages†¦. I was pleasantly surprised to hear ‘MUMBAI’- as when I had left it was called Bombay though the original name of the city was Mumbai named after the Goddess Mumbadevi. With migration of people from North India Mumbai became Bumbai, during the British raj it became Bombay and remained for a long period before rechristened as Mumbai. When we friends used to meet we would say –‘Hey dude, kaisa he?’ (Hey dude, how are you?) While placing the order in the canteen we used to say ‘Hey boss, do cutting chai.’ (Two half teas) People in India are growing up in a multilingual surrounding, resulting in code mixing (mixing of two or more languages). What is the reason behind code mixing? India is a developing country and only few people are fluent in English, with most people have their education in vernacular medium. Which leads to either reshaping the English syntax with Hindi words or simply the other way round. Hinglish has gained a lot of importance in India as it is the language of the masses and every individual can relate himself with the language. For the same reason many advertises and movies use Hinglish. Many multinational giants use Hinglish version of its international campaign to make their brands more acceptable and popular among Indian masses. Mc Donald’s campaign’ What your bahana is?’(Whats your excuse?) Coca-colas strap line ‘life... ... and judiciary use a lot of hinglish on daily basis. I remember an incident when I had gone to the passport office for my passport renewal an officer told me ’please, appka passport submit karo’. Nowadays even mobile apps have been created which support hinglish such as the famous app ‘swype’ by which the user doesn’t have to press individual keys to type but only swipe on the keyboard to type. This makes it easier for people to type in hinglish. The alphabets on the keyboard are in English. With such amalgamation, English is no longer virgin and the cross-pollination of English and Hindi has given birth to ‘HINGLISH’, which will rule the world community due to the virtue of its diverse dialects. Posted by rohan mehta at 5:43 pm Essay -- LINGUISTIC CURRY Posted on January 15,2014. I returned to India after a long period and at the airport I hear an announcement saying â€Å"Welcome, Mumbai me aapka swagat he!’ these words took me back to my college days where we used to communicate in hinglish- the merger of English and other Indian vernacular languages†¦. I was pleasantly surprised to hear ‘MUMBAI’- as when I had left it was called Bombay though the original name of the city was Mumbai named after the Goddess Mumbadevi. With migration of people from North India Mumbai became Bumbai, during the British raj it became Bombay and remained for a long period before rechristened as Mumbai. When we friends used to meet we would say –‘Hey dude, kaisa he?’ (Hey dude, how are you?) While placing the order in the canteen we used to say ‘Hey boss, do cutting chai.’ (Two half teas) People in India are growing up in a multilingual surrounding, resulting in code mixing (mixing of two or more languages). What is the reason behind code mixing? India is a developing country and only few people are fluent in English, with most people have their education in vernacular medium. Which leads to either reshaping the English syntax with Hindi words or simply the other way round. Hinglish has gained a lot of importance in India as it is the language of the masses and every individual can relate himself with the language. For the same reason many advertises and movies use Hinglish. Many multinational giants use Hinglish version of its international campaign to make their brands more acceptable and popular among Indian masses. Mc Donald’s campaign’ What your bahana is?’(Whats your excuse?) Coca-colas strap line ‘life... ... and judiciary use a lot of hinglish on daily basis. I remember an incident when I had gone to the passport office for my passport renewal an officer told me ’please, appka passport submit karo’. Nowadays even mobile apps have been created which support hinglish such as the famous app ‘swype’ by which the user doesn’t have to press individual keys to type but only swipe on the keyboard to type. This makes it easier for people to type in hinglish. The alphabets on the keyboard are in English. With such amalgamation, English is no longer virgin and the cross-pollination of English and Hindi has given birth to ‘HINGLISH’, which will rule the world community due to the virtue of its diverse dialects. Posted by rohan mehta at 5:43 pm

Public transportation Essay

This essay will focus on some of advantages and disadvantages of public transportation. First of all, I’d like to talk about advantages of public transportation. Using public transportation can reduce the number of people who drive their own car. It can ease traffic jam and improve road condition. We can also reduce air pollution by using public transportation. Public transportation can accommodate a lot of people and send them various destinations. It leads to the reduction of harmful emission gasses such as carbon dioxide. On the other hand, we have some disadvantages associated with public transportation. Using an automobile is more accessible than public transportation when we live in countryside. In most cases, there are few busses, trains and taxes in there. It’s very inconvenient for local people. If they have their own cars, they can drive anytime and anywhere. What’s more, it’s tough for elderly people to use public transportation. They have to go up and down the stairs when they use public transportation. There are many stations which don’t have elevators or escalators in Japan. In my opinion, I can’t live without public train because I can get to the office in time. At any rate, public transportation is essential for our daily life.

Big Families Essay

Do you think there were more advantages or disadvantages to being part of a large family in the past? I think that there are advantages but also disadvantages.  It is an advantage because the family is a present that God gives to us for all the life, we have to take care of it and make it stronger as the years pass ; they are our support always, in good and bad moments, even when we don’t ask for help they are there giving a hand. We can count with them at all times, with no exceptions because there is a blood tie but also, and more important, there is an affective bond; which is stronger than any other link in the world. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages too. see more:disadvantages of small family When there is a conflict in the family, people can separate for a while because you need to calm down, take a breath and think the things well. Another weak point is to agree in a meeting point, because putting together a big amount of people is hard, taking into account the different activities and responsibilities of each individual; For example: In a birthday, in Christmas, for vacations or in any special date. I also consider that is a disadvantageous circumstance when we have a problem with a member of the family, and the rest of it starts criticizing you. Another difficulty can be presented when a family (mom and dad) have a lot of kids, and a bad economic situation, because of lack of food and lots of discomforts. In conclusion I can say that having a large family has a lot of benefits, but we have to deal with little problems that could be present with time.

buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas Poetry essay

buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas' Poetry essay Dylan Thomas was a great and famous writer and poet, who not only wrote poems and plays but also performed them himself. Thomass poetry was unique in that it was played in a verbal style as compared to other strict and common verse forms. This paper is a criticism analysis of Dylan Thomass poetry and especially in the poem Death and loss in Dylan Thomas poetry. Analysis of Death and loss in Dylan Thomas poetry The first part of the poem Death shall have no dominion and death shall have no dominion, dead mean naked they shall be one, with the man in the wind and the west moon is a about doom with no light or hope. In other words the first part of this poem simply points at doom. Dylan Thomas introduces this poem in a strong way but with no life or hope at all. He suggests that death can have no dominion on the dead and that the dead can still be one. He does not in any way suggest a way out or portray a ray of hope. (Thomas, 1971) The second part of the first paragraph, Dylan suggests that the dead can no longer feel pain or be subjected to torture. This means that in Dylans mind, his life or the life of the people he was referring to is fixed to in the meaning of their death. In other word Dylans poem simply means that the only hope of these people is in their death. This is because in their death, they shall be free from the blows and torture that they are currently experiencing in their lives. However other critics have suggested that this first paragraph shows great hope and redemption. The critics have argued that this poem is a poem of hope and that everything mad, harsh insane and evil is overcome in the event of death or after death. The best line in the poem that drew many good reviews of the poem is though lovers be lost, love will not. This according to many analysts is a sign of hope. They argue that this line means that love will live on even after death. They also argue that this line talks of the preservation of life. According to this analyst, this poem is a very positive poem. However, the nature and flow of this poem has no positive attributes. Other analysts call it a religious theme which is not about survival after death but purely about death and destruction both in life and after death. (Thomas, 2003) Dylan wrote many poems that deal with death. For example A refusal to moan this poem refers to end of self esteem and loss of identity as an indiv idual. The poems do not go gentle into that good night has been seen by many analysts as a cry for survival, or a lost cry. The most outstanding character that is seen from this poem is Dylans fear of being left by his father.The line rage, rage against the dying of the light is a sign of the emotions that Dylan was going through or that he felt at the loss. Other analysts have suggested that Dylans was writing about a universal experience .Mostly an experience of how men would react in such a scenario. It all has to do with death but also shows a way of facing the prospect the death of a loved one. Rage, according to Dylan was his reaction to the demise of his father; rage against his father and against death. This is because he had no power to change the course or his father death. Many good reviews on this poem state that one has to be sad sometimes and angry if need be. This poem shows also a rage against the things that would want to bury a person and the inability to change th em. However, other critics have argued that this poem does not offer an option to fight against the things that want to bury them but rage against them. Thus they argue that this is a cowardly way out. Dylan Thomas poetry has a unique flow is woven and dominated by speech rhythms. What was the effect of Dylan Thomas poems to the audience? Dylan Thomas did not only impact and leave a mark in the audience of his time but to date. Dylans poetry continues to draw reaction, views, reviews and criticism from many different people from different walks of life. These poems will continue to impact the generations to come. This is because Dylan Thomas remains a legendary figure of the century. He has also made a permanent mark in the literary history and field. Many recent writers are not only motivated by Dylans poems but also draw inspiration and ideas from these poems. This is simply because of Dylans extraordinary writing style that have touched and changed the very heart of poetry. Many scholars and analyst still can not capture the height of the unique nature of his poetry style. His writing or poetry style was refreshing and odd at the same time. However, Dylans was accused and is still being accused of drowning in language and on whiskey at the same time. However, this was not so, from the history Dylans early history and his sober poems, it is clear that Dylan was very committed to his poems and did not sleep or drown on his job. Dylans unique talent has long been remembered for many decades after his death and will continue to be remembered for many generations. (Thomas, 2000) The big question is who will fill his shoes? Did his talent die with him? What inspired Dylan Thomas to write his poems? Dylan Thomass poems clearly reveal and show a focus from his childhood and his believes. However, some of his poems shoow his believe in a sacred spiritual force that made his life worthwhile .The most outstanding aspects of his poems depict his uncertainty about the darkness and death. He probably wonders if the extensive darkness he experiences or thinks he will experience can ever be brightened. He does not see any hope in the darkness but is overwhelmed with the darkness. He expresses his anger and rage in his poems by a tactful manner and in a unique style. (Thomas, 2003) His unique style captures, attracts and draws attention. This is simply means that Dylan Thomass inspiration to write his poems came from his personal experiences and believes. Some of his quotes such as someones boring me, I think it is me, an alcoholic is someone you do not like and who drinks like you Clearly show how he viewed himself and his low self esteem. Was Dylans death related to the theme in his poems? This question has attracted many reactions, views, and suggestion on the subject. Many people have viewed it as an unfair comparison. However, from his quotes such as a good poem is a contribution to reality analysts suggest that he got what he wished for. Dylan Thomas indulged in heavy drinking from his early days, a vice that had a negative effect on his life as a whole and his marriage as well. His untimely death was because of his drinking. In his poems he talks about rage and anger towards things that he had no control over. His fear and anger for death is clearly seen in his poems. The theme of his poems was death. The poem a refusal to moan death was one of the most popular poems of his time. (Thomas, 2010) This poem was about death. Dylans attitude towards death is clearly seen in this poem. In this poem Dylan or the person he is talking about is concerned and mourns the absurdity of a childs death or an untimely death. To Thomas, the reality of death in his life was very im portant .The reality of death not only made him angry but was also a cause of concern this is because he was concerned mainly about the after life or after death. What comes after death or after his untimely death was a way for him to face his worse fears and experience first hand what happens after life or what happens after death. Conclusion Dylan Thomas was a legendary figure in that made an impact in his time and in the 20th century as well. Dylans poetry will continue to impact the world in many generations to come. The many critics and the criticism will not in any way change the impact that Dylans poems have had. The unique writing style will continue to make history in the generations to come. Buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas' Poetry essay

stupid people essays

stupid people essays There are far too many idiots reproducing in our society. Stupid people are becoming an epidemic to this world. The act of those people having sex is of no concern or harm to me, but the children that are produced due to this only add to the number in the slack-jawed, drooling populous that is slowly beginning to drain our society. I suggest that the government make an I.Q. test mandatory for couples applying for a marriage license. If the test results are low enough, refuse the licensee until they have both been successfully sterilized. It is a privilege to have children, sometimes, but still not just anyone should be allowed to breed successfully. Yes I realize that not all stupid people that breed are married or keep their babies; therefore, I suggest that babies given up for adoption should be given to people without the ability to have children who are competent parents. Those incompetent parents should not have the chance to regain custody of their children no matter how many classes or how much counseling they These people are growing more numerous as I write this, they will eventually out number their intellectual superiors. Im not saying that all stupid people are a drain on society. Some work and make decent livings, all the time putting money into the economy and paying into social security. The ones I have a problem with are the ones that sit at home living off welfare or disability that isnt rightfully theirs. Those people who are found to be cheating money from the government should be forced into a life of manual labor... hard work. Some may say this is a violation of their first amendment rights. To that I say that rights should be earned, not given. That way people wouldnt take the rights they have in this country for granted. These children bred of stupidity have to go to school. They slow down the c ...

The Modern Essay by Virginia Woolf

The Modern Essay by Virginia Woolf Widely considered one of the finest essayists of the 20th century, Virginia Woolf composed this essay as a review of Ernest Rhyss five-volume anthology of Modern English Essays: 1870-1920 (J.M. Dent, 1922). The review originally appeared in The Times Literary Supplement, November 30, 1922, and Woolf included a slightly revised version in her first collection of essays, The Common Reader (1925). In her brief preface to the collection, Woolf distinguished the common reader (a phrase borrowed from Samuel Johnson) from the critic and scholar: He is worse educated, and nature has not gifted him so generously. He reads for his own pleasure rather than to impart knowledge or correct the opinions of others. Above all, he is guided by an instinct to create for himself, out of whatever odds and ends he can come by, some kind of wholea portrait of a man, a sketch of an age, a theory of the art of writing. Here, assuming the guise of the common reader, she offers a few . . . ideas and opinions about the nature of the English essay. Compare Woolfs thoughts on essay writing with those expressed by Maurice Hewlett in The Maypole and the Column and by Charles S. Brooks in The Writing of Essays. The Modern Essay by Virginia Woolf As Mr. Rhys truly says, it is unnecessary to go profoundly into the history and origin of the essaywhether it derives from Socrates or Siranney the Persiansince, like all living things, its present is more important than its past. Moreover, the family is widely spread; and while some of its representatives have risen in the world and wear their coronets with the best, others pick up a precarious living in the gutter near Fleet Street. The form, too, admits variety. The essay can be short or long, serious or trifling, about God and Spinoza, or about turtles and Cheapside. But as we turn over the pages of these five little volumes, containing essays written between 1870 and 1920, certain principles appear to control the chaos, and we detect in the short period under review something like the progress of history. Of all forms of literature, however, the essay is the one which least calls for the use of long words. The principle which controls it is simply that it should give pleasure; the desire which impels us when we take it from the shelf is simply to receive pleasure. Everything in an essay must be subdued to that end. It should lay us under a spell with its first word, and we should only wake, refreshed, with its last. In the interval we may pass through the most various experiences of amusement, surprise, interest, indignation; we may soar to the heights of fantasy with Lamb or plunge to the depths of wisdom with Bacon, but we must never be roused. The essay must lap us about and draw its curtain across the world. So great a feat is seldom accomplished, though the fault may well be as much on the readers side as on the writers. Habit and lethargy have dulled his palate. A novel has a story, a poem rhyme; but what art can the essayist use in these short lengths of prose to sting us wide awake and fix us in a trance which is not sleep but rather an intensification of lifea basking, with every faculty alert, in the sun of pleasure? He must knowthat is the first essentialhow to write. His learning may be as profound as Mark Pattisons, but in an essay, it must be so fused by the magic of writing that not a fact juts out, not a dogma tears the surface of the texture. Macaulay in one way, Froude in another, did this superbly over and over again. They have blown more knowledge into us in the course of one essay than the innumerable chapters of a hundred textbooks. But when Mark Pattison has to tell us, in the space of thirty-five little pages, about Montaigne, we feel that he had not previously assimi lated M. Grà ¼n. M. Grà ¼n was a gentleman who once wrote a bad book. M. Grà ¼n and his book should have been embalmed for our perpetual delight in amber. But the process is fatiguing; it requires more time and perhaps more temper than Pattison had at his command. He served M. Grà ¼n up raw, and he remains a crude berry among the cooked meats, upon which our teeth must grate forever. Something of the sort applies to Matthew Arnold and a certain translator of Spinoza. Literal truth-telling and finding fault with a culprit for his good are out of place in an essay, where everything should be for our good and rather for eternity than for the March number of the Fortnightly Review. But if the voice of the scold should never be heard in this narrow plot, there is another voice which is as a plague of locuststhe voice of a man stumbling drowsily among loose words, clutching aimlessly at vague ideas, the voice, for example, of Mr. Hutton in the following passage: Add to this that his married life was brief, only seven years and a half, being unexpectedly cut short, and that his passionate reverence for his wifes memory and geniusin his own words, a religionwas one which, as he must have been perfectly sensible, he could not make to appear otherwise than extravagant, not to say an hallucination, in the eyes of the rest of mankind, and yet that he was possessed by an irresistible yearning to attempt to embody it in all the tender and enthusiastic hyperbole of which it is so pathetic to find a man who gained his fame by his dry-light a master, and it is impossible not to feel that the human incidents in Mr. Mills career are very sad. A book could take that blow, but it sinks an essay. A biography in two volumes is indeed the proper depository, for there, where the licence is so much wider, and hints and glimpses of outside things make part of the feast (we refer to the old type of Victorian volume), these yawns and stretches hardly matter, and have indeed some positive value of their own. But that value, which is contributed by the reader, perhaps illicitly, in his desire to get as much into the book from all possible sources as he can, must be ruled out here. There is no room for the impurities of literature in an essay. Somehow or other, by dint of labor or bounty of nature, or both combined, the essay must be purepure like water or pure like wine, but pure from dullness, deadness, and deposits of extraneous matter. Of all writers in the first volume, Walter Pater best achieves this arduous task, because before setting out to write his essay (Notes on Leonardo da Vinci) he has somehow contrived to get his material fused. He is a learned man, but it is not knowledge of Leonardo that remains with us, but a vision, such as we get in a good novel where everything contributes to bring the writers conception as a whole before us. Only here, in the essay, where the bounds are so strict and facts have to be used in their nakedness, the true writer like Walter Pater makes these limitations yield their own quality. Truth will give it authority; from its narrow limits he will get shape and intensity; and then there is no more fitting place for some of those ornaments which the old writers loved and we, by calling them ornaments, presumably despise. Nowadays nobody would have the courage to embark on the once famous description of Leonardos lady who has learned the secrets of the grave; and has been a diver in deep seas and keeps their fallen day about her; and trafficked for strange webs with Eastern merchants; and, as Leda, was the mother of Helen of Troy, and, as Saint Anne, the mother of Mary . . . The passage is too thumb-marked to slip naturally into the context. But when we come unexpectedly upon the smiling of women and the motion of great waters, or upon full of the refinement of the dead, in sad, earth-coloured raiment, set with pale stones, we suddenly remember that we have ears and we have eyes and that the English language fills a long array of stout volumes with innumerable words, many of which are of more than one syllable. The only living Englishman who ever looks into these volumes is, of course, a gentleman of Polish extraction. But doubtless our abstention saves us much gush, much rhetoric, much high-stepping and cloud-prancing, and for the sake of the prevailing sobriety and hard-headedness, we should be willing to barter the splendor of  Sir Thomas Browne  and the vigor of  Swift. Yet, if the essay admits more properly than biography or fiction of sudden boldness and metaphor, and can be polished till every atom of its surface shines, there are dangers in that too. We are soon in sight of ornament. Soon the current, which is the life-blood of literature, runs slow; and instead of sparkling and flashing or moving with a quieter impulse which has a deeper excitement, words coagulate together in frozen sprays which, like the grapes on a Christmas-tree, glitter for a single night, but are dusty and garnish the day after. The temptation to decorate is great where the theme may be of the slightest. What is there to interest another in the fact that one has enjoyed a walking tour, or has amused oneself by rambling down Cheapside and looking at the turtles in Mr. Sweetings shop window?  Stevenson  and  Samuel Butler  chose very different methods of exciting our interest in these domestic themes. Stevenson, of course, trimmed and polished and set out his matter in the traditional eighteenth-century form. It is admirably done, but we cannot help feeling anxious, as the essay proceeds, lest the material may give out under the craftsmans fingers. The ingot is so small, the manipulation so incessant. And perhaps that is why the  peroration To sit still and contemplateto remember the faces of women without desire, to be pleased by the great deeds of men without envy, to be everything and everywhere in sympathy and yet content to remain where and what you are has the sort of insubstantiality which suggests that by the time he got to the end he had left himself nothing solid to work with. Butler adopted the very opposite method. Think your own thoughts, he seems to say, and speak them as plainly as you can. These turtles in the shop window which appear to leak out of their shells through heads and feet suggest a fatal faithfulness to a fixed idea. And so, striding unconcernedly from one idea to the next, we traverse a large stretch of ground; observe that a wound in the solicitor is a very serious thing; that Mary Queen of Scots wears surgical boots and is subject to fits near the Horse Shoe in Tottenham Court Road; take it for granted that no one really cares about Aeschylus; and so, with many amusing anecdotes and some profound reflections, reach the peroration, which is that, as he had been told not to see more in Cheapside than he could get into twelve pages of the  Universal Review, he had better stop. And yet obviously Butler is at least as careful of our pleasure as Stevenson, and to write like oneself and call it not writing is a much harder exercise in style than to write like Addison and call it writing well. But, however much they differ individually, the Victorian essayists yet had something in common. They wrote at greater length than is now usual, and they wrote for a public which had not only time to sit down to its magazine seriously, but a high, if peculiarly Victorian, standard of culture by which to judge it. It was worth while to speak out upon serious matters in an essay; and there was nothing absurd in writing as well as one possibly could when, in a month or two, the same public which had welcomed the essay in a magazine would carefully read it once more in a book. But a change came from a small audience of cultivated people to a larger audience of people who were not quite so cultivated. The change was not altogether for the worse. In volume iii. we find Mr. Birrell and  Mr. Beerbohm. It might even be said that there was a reversion to the classic  type and that the essay by losing its size and something of its sonority was approaching more nearly the essay of Addison and Lamb. At any rate, there is a great gulf between Mr. Birrell on  Carlyle  and the essay which one may suppose that Carlyle would have written upon Mr. Birrell. There is little similarity between  A Cloud of Pinafores, by Max Beerbohm, and  A Cynics Apology, by Leslie Stephen. But the essay is alive; there is no reason to despair. As the conditions change so the  essayist, most sensitive of all plants to public opinion, adapts himself, and if he is good makes the best of the change, and if he is bad the worst. Mr. Birrell is certainly good; and so we find that, though he has dropped a considerable amount of weight, his attack is much more direct and his movement more supple. But what did Mr. Beerbohm give to the essay and what did he take from it? That is a much more complicated question, for here we have an essayist who has concentrated on the work and  is, without doubt, the prince of his profession. What Mr. Beerbohm gave was, of course, himself. This presence, which has haunted the essay fitfully from the time of Montaigne, had been in exile since the death of  Charles Lamb. Matthew Arnold was never to his readers Matt, nor Walter Pater affectionately abbreviated in a thousand homes to Wat. They gave us much, but that they did not give. Thus,  sometime  in the nineties, it must have surprised readers accustomed to exhortation, information, and denunciation to find themselves familiarly addressed by a voice which seemed to belong to a man no larger than themselves. He was affected by private joys and  sorrows and had no gospel to preach and no learning to impart. He was himself, simply and directly, and himself he has remained. Once again we have an essayist capable of using the essayists most proper but most dangerous and delicate tool. He has brought personality into literature, not unconsciously and impurely, but so consciously and purely that we do not know whether t here is any relation between Max the essayist and Mr. Beerbohm the man. We only know that the spirit of personality permeates every word that he writes. The triumph is the triumph of  style. For it is only by knowing how to write that you can make use in literature of  yourself; that self which, while it is essential to literature, is also its most dangerous antagonist. Never to be yourself and yet alwaysthat is the problem. Some of the essayists in Mr. Rhys collection, to be frank, have not altogether succeeded in solving it. We are nauseated by the sight of trivial personalities decomposing in the eternity of print. As talk, no doubt, it was charming, and  certainly, the writer is a good fellow to meet over a bottle of beer. But literature is stern; it is no use being charming,  virtuous or even learned and brilliant into the bargain, unless, she seems to reiterate, you  fulfill  her first conditionto know how to write. This art is possessed to perfection by Mr. Beerbohm. But he has not searched the dictionary for polysyllables. He has not  molded  firm periods or seduced our ears with intricate cadences and strange melodies. Some of his companionsHenley and Stevenson, for exampleare momentarily more impressive. But  A Cloud of Pinafores  has in it that indescribable inequality, stir, and final expressiveness which belong to life and to life alone. You have not finished with it because you have read it, any more than friendship is ended because it is time to part. Life wells up and alters and adds. Even things in a book-case change if they are alive; we find ourselves wanting to meet them again; we find them altered. So we look back upon essay after essay by Mr. Beerbohm, knowing that, come September or May, we shall sit down with them and talk. Yet it is true that the essayist is the most sensitive of all writers to public opinion. The drawing-room is the place where a great deal of reading is done nowadays, and the essays of Mr. Beerbohm lie, with an exquisite appreciation of all that the position exacts, upon the drawing-room table. There is no  gin  about; no strong tobacco; no puns, drunkenness, or insanity. Ladies and gentlemen talk together, and some things, of course, are not said. But if it would be foolish to attempt to confine Mr. Beerbohm to one room, it would be still more foolish, unhappily, to make him, the artist, the man who gives us only his best, the representative of our age. There are no essays by Mr. Beerbohm in the fourth or fifth volumes of the present collection. His age seems already a little distant, and the drawing-room table, as it recedes, begins to look rather like an altar where, once upon a time, people deposited offeringsfruit from their own orchards, gifts carved with their own hands. Now once more the conditions have changed. The public needs essays as much as ever, and perhaps even more. The demand for the light middle not exceeding fifteen hundred words, or in special cases seventeen hundred and fifty, much exceeds the supply. Where Lamb wrote one essay and Max perhaps writes two,  Mr. Belloc  at a rough computation produces three hundred and sixty-five. They are very short, it is true. Yet with what dexterity the practised ess ayist will utilise his spacebeginning as close to the top of the sheet as possible, judging precisely how far to go, when to turn, and how, without sacrificing a  hairs breadth  of paper, to wheel about and alight accurately upon the last word his editor allows! As a feat of  skill, it is well worth watching. But the personality upon which Mr. Belloc, like Mr. Beerbohm, depends suffers in the process. It comes to  us, not with the natural richness of the speaking voice, but strained and thin and full of mannerisms and affectations, like the voice of a man shouting through a megaphone to a crowd on a windy day. Little friends, my readers, he says in the essay called An Unknown Country, and he goes on to tell us how There was a shepherd the other day at Findon Fair who had come from the east by Lewes with sheep, and who had in his eyes that reminiscence of horizons which makes the eyes of shepherds and of mountaineers different from the eyes of other men. . . . I went with him to hear what he had to say, for shepherds talk quite differently from other men. Happily, this shepherd had little to say, even under the stimulus of the inevitable mug of beer, about the Unknown Country, for the only remark that he did make proves him either a minor poet, unfit for the care of  sheep or Mr. Belloc himself masquerading with a fountain pen. That is the penalty which the habitual essayist must now be prepared to face. He must masquerade. He cannot afford the time either to be himself or to be other people. He must skim the surface of thought and dilute the strength of personality. He must give us a worn weekly halfpenny instead of a solid sovereign once a year. But it is not Mr. Belloc only who has suffered from the prevailing conditions. The essays which bring the collection to the year 1920 may not be the best of their authors work, but, if we except writers like Mr. Conrad and Mr. Hudson, who have strayed into essay writing accidentally, and concentrate upon those who write essays habitually, we shall find them a good deal affected by the change in their circumstances. To write weekly, to write daily, to write shortly, to write for busy people catching trains in the morning or for tired people coming home in the evening, is a  heartbreaking  task for men who know good writing from bad. They do it, but instinctively draw out of harms way anything precious that might be damaged by contact with the public, or anything sharp that might irritate its skin. And so, if one reads Mr. Lucas, Mr. Lynd, or Mr. Squire in the bulk, one feels that a common  grayness  silvers everything. They are as far removed from the extravagant beauty of Wal ter Pater as they are from the intemperate  candor  of Leslie Stephen. Beauty and courage are dangerous spirits to bottle in a column and a half; and thought, like a brown paper parcel in a waistcoat pocket, has a way of spoiling the symmetry of an article. It is a kind, tired, apathetic world for which they write, and the marvel is that they never cease to attempt, at least, to write well. But there is no need to pity Mr. Clutton Brock for this change in the essayists conditions. He has clearly made the best of his circumstances and not the worst. One hesitates even to say that he has had to make any conscious effort in the matter, so  naturally, has he effected the transition from the private essayist to the public, from the drawing-room to the Albert Hall. Paradoxically enough, the shrinkage in size has brought about a corresponding expansion of individuality. We have no longer the I of Max and of Lamb, but the we of public bodies and other sublime personages. It is we who go to hear the Magic Flute; we who ought to profit by it; we, in some mysterious way, who, in our corporate capacity, once upon a time actually wrote it. For music and literature and art must submit to the same  generalization  or they will not carry to the farthest recesses of the Albert Hall. That the voice of Mr. Clutton Brock, so sincere and so disinterested, carries such a distance and r eaches so many without pandering to the weakness of the mass or its passions must be a matter of legitimate satisfaction to us all. But while we are gratified, I, that unruly partner in the human fellowship, is reduced to despair. I must always think things for himself, and feel things for himself. To share them in a diluted form with the majority of well-educated and well-intentioned men and women is  for him sheer agony; and while the rest of us listen intently and profit profoundly, I slips off to the woods and the fields and rejoices in a single blade of grass or a solitary potato. In the fifth volume of modern essays, it seems, we have got some way from pleasure and the art of writing. But in justice to the essayists of  1920  we must be sure that we are not praising the famous because they have been praised already and the dead because we shall never meet them wearing spats in Piccadilly. We must know what we mean when we say that they can write and give us pleasure. We must compare them; we must bring out the quality. We must point to this and say it is good because it is exact, truthful, and imaginative: Nay, retire men cannot when they would; neither will they, when it were Reason; but are impatient of Privateness, even in age and sickness, which require the shadow: like old Townsmen: that will still be sitting at their street door, though therby they offer Age to Scorn . . . and to this, and say it is bad because it is loose, plausible, and commonplace: With courteous and precise cynicism on his lips, he thought of quiet virginal chambers, of waters singing under the moon, of terraces where taintless music sobbed into the open night, of pure maternal mistresses with protecting arms and vigilant eyes, of fields slumbering in the sunlight, of leagues of ocean heaving under warm tremulous heavens, of hot ports, gorgeous and perfumed. . . . It goes on, but already we are bemused with sound and neither feel nor hear. The comparison makes us suspect that the art of writing has for backbone some fierce attachment to an idea. It is on the back of an idea, something believed in with conviction or seen with precision and thus compelling words to its shape, that the diverse company which includes Lamb and  Bacon, and Mr. Beerbohm and Hudson, and Vernon Lee and Mr. Conrad, and Leslie Stephen and Butler and Walter Pater reaches the farther shore. Very various talents have helped or hindered the passage of the idea into words. Some scrape through painfully; others fly with every wind  favouring. But Mr. Belloc and  Mr. Lucas  and Mr. Squire are not fiercely attached to anything in itself. They share the contemporary dilemmathat lack of an obstinate conviction which lifts ephemeral sounds through the misty sphere of anybodys language to the land where there is a perpetual marriage, a perpetual union. Vague as all definitio ns are, a good essay must have this permanent quality about it; it must draw its curtain round us, but it must be a curtain that shuts us in, not out. Originally published in 1925 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,  The Common Reader  is currently available from Mariner Books (2002) in the U.S. and from Vintage (2003) in the U.K.

Favorite childhood memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Favorite childhood memory - Essay Example They would come down to the shore at night with us and we would spend hours by the fire. I have eight cousins in all, and the beach was a loud place when we were there. The sea was our pool and we spent hours there. At least eight hours out of every day were spent at the beach. The men in the family would spend noon time at the beach bar where they had their time and fun with our moms while we kids would go down to the game area, coins in hand, for hours of fun and junk food and games. Our moms and dads came to get us at six p.m. sharp each night. My mom and dad would have me walk near and each of them would take one of my hands in theirs as we went back to our homes for our night time meal. We always rode in our own van where we all piled in atop each other and then head out to the Italian place where they swore they had the best food in town. That was until the next night. Then we did the same thing all over again. After the night meal we would leave the place and go out for a sweet end to the day at the local ice cream shop. I would oft order the ice cream I loved most, it was a waffle cone fruit dip. To this day, I still do not know what fruit dip that was. All that I knew was that it was the best ice cream I ever had. Since no one was tired yet, the beach was the last stop of the night. The adults would pick a corner at the food court and have their tea and talk, while we would grab hold of each other and get in line for the rides. The ride we liked most was the bump car, as we chased each other on the track and hit each other’s cars. We would go back to our mom and dad all tired, and we would want to eat and drink one more time. Then it was off to the hot dog stand for a hot dog for each child. We would eat and drink as we made our way back to the van for the trip home. I think my dad drove not fast all the time so that we would have more time as a group. That is why it took him an hour to pick them up for

Operation and management of china's auto production increased Dissertation

Operation and management of china's auto production increased - Dissertation Example ity and Reliability 27 3.4Conclusion 28 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND ANALYSIS 29 4.0Introduction 29 4.1Chinese Automobile Industry 30 4.1.1Findings 30 4.1.1.1Chinese Auto Industry Sales, 2006 to 2010 30 4.1.1.2Comparison between China and US 32 4.1.1.3Comparison of brands, 2002 and 2011 33 4.1.1.4Market Share and Growth 35 36 4.1.2Analysis 36 4.1.2.1Chinese Auto Industry Sales, 2006 to 2010 36 4.1.2.2Chinese Auto Industry Sales by Category, 2006-2010 37 4.1.2.3Chinese Auto Industry Performance in the Global Arena 38 4.1.2.4Comparison of brands, 2002 and 2011 39 4.1.2.5Analysis on Market Share and... TIONS 47 5.1Conclusions 47 5.2Recommendations 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 51 APPENDICES 56 Appendix 1: China’s SWOT Analysis 56 Appendix 2: Market Entry Strategies 57 Appendix 3: Selection of the right Market Entry Strategy 58 Table of Figures Figure 1: China's SWOT Analysis 13 Figure 2: Market Entry Strategies that Chinese Auto Industry can select from 17 Figure 3: Process of selecting the right Market Entry Strategy 17 Figure 4: Sales for Chinese Auto Industry 2006 to 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 31 Figure 5: Line Graph of China Auto Products Sales between 2006 and 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 31 Figure 6: China Auto Industry Sales per Product between 2006 and 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 32 Figure 7: The Top Five Auto Industries 2008 and 2009 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 32 Figure 8: Top Five Auto Industries, 2008 and 2009 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 33 Figure 9: Sales by Brand in %age, 2002 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 33 Figure 10: Sales by Brand in %age, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 34 Figure 11: Sales by Brand in Units, 2002 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 34 Figure 12: Sales by Brands in Units, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 35 Figure 13: Market Size and Growth (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 35 Figure 14: Market Share by Brand, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 36 Figure 15: Impact of Government Tax Incentive (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 44 Figure 16: Position of Chinese Auto Industry within the Global Market (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 46 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction The increased demand for growth and expansion amongst firms within Chinese automobile industry coupled with the increased demand for automobile products within the globe continue to be the reasons behind globalization (Zhu, Sarkis, & Lai, 2007). The Chinese automobile industry aims at

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Psychology - Essay Example Cognitive therapy helps in changing and reconstructing faulty thought processes while shaping them into a more organized form and behavioral therapy helps in modifying and improving an individuals problematic behaviors and actions. Together, the task of the therapy is to understand the interrelation and the workings of emotions, behaviors and thoughts as well as the impact that these components may have over the events in an individuals life. The main purpose of cognitive therapy is to enable the person to be aware of the thought pattern that is resulting into psychological distress and also the behavior that is reinforcing the distress. It aims to correct the psychological problems through giving an entire outlook to the causes of distress. CBT understands the thoughts and experiences of the person and works with the person in getting to the depth of the problem. (Whitfield & Davidson, 2007) Some criticisms of CBT are related to the view that merely telling the client that something is not true is not likely to make the person feel that way. This would not necessarily change the belief that a person has. However, counter arguments show that CBT psychologists do not just tell the person that a certain view is wrong; they help the client explore these themselves. There is a new perspective in the idea of dissociative disorder after the 1980s, after which the condition received more theoretical as well as clinical attention from psychologists and psychiatrists. Dissociative disorders can be described as conditions that involve breakdown of ones perception of his or her surroundings, identity, memory or consciousness. According to the American Psychiatric Associations DSM VI, there are four forms of dissociative disorders including dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder (Formerly called multiple personality disorder), dissociative fugue and depersonalization disorder. Dissociative amnesia

Strategies that HSBC Adopted to Suit the Changing Business Environment Essay - 1

Strategies that HSBC Adopted to Suit the Changing Business Environment - Essay Example The banking sector globally has been undergoing turmoil globally and risk management becomes a critical issue. Banks are financial institutions and risk management is critical to their survival. They have to manage this through pooling of risks and selling their services as risk specialists. The financial performance of the bank depends upon the efficiency with which they manage risks. HSBC is one of the leading banks that have been able to sustain the financial recession and still maintain profits. They change their strategy as the situation demanded and limited the extension of credits to new clients. HSBC realized that the purchasing power of people had reduced and the immediate step that they took was to curb issuing new credit card (Poulter, 2009). This helped them build their financial standing and it also demonstrates that HSBC plays it safe and believes in old-fashioned banking virtues (Duncan, 2009). However, it would be of immense value to the financial sector and particularly to the banks in the emerging economies to investigate the strategies that HSBC adopted to suit the changing business environment. This requires evaluating its risk management strategy. Hence, with the aim to investigate how banks manage risks in the interest of all the stakeholders, the objective of the study would be: The research strategy depends upon the purpose of the research, the size of the sample, the time and the budget in hand. Since this is an exploratory study meant to benefit the banking sector, in particular, a qualitative study has been envisaged. An in-depth analysis of the situation and the strategy is possible through the qualitative approach. As per the research onion, the research strategy could vary from an experiment to a survey to a case study.

Importance of teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance of teams - Essay Example The following section will focus on importance of teamwork in other sectors like aviation, auto racing and military and the lessons that healthcare industry can learn. Teamwork is extremely important for any sector that is highly reliant on human performance. In a team two aspects are equally important – taskwork and teamwork. While the former means the skills needed by the members to execute their tasks, the latter means the approach needed by the members to complete the tasks. In aviation, both of these are required. The importance of effective task performance by crew members in the cockpit cannot be denied. At the same time, there should be strong teamwork for harmonization and communication between the crew members. Records have shown that 68 percent of air mishaps occur due to poor coordination between aircrew (Salas & Maurino, 2010, p.254). According to Salas et al. (2005) there are five requirements for a team’s efficiency. First, strong leadership since it is through a team leader’s guidance the members can perform in a coordinated manner. Second, members need to monitor the activities of each other to keep track of e rrors or lapses to ensure perfection in overall performance. Third, backup behavior like members with less work load should share the burden of those who have excessive work load. Fourth, adaptability which means members should be able to adjust their work in case of unexpected difficulties. Fifth, team orientation indicates that each person should have compatible approach to work with other individuals. All the five elements are required in aviation in order to handle any emergency situation in the cockpit. In auto racing, teamwork between pit crew and race is considered as exemplary. The process underlying auto racing itself requires high level of team work, and it is said that no other industry promotes teamwork as

Evaluation assessing modern American Capitalism and its impact on our Essay

Evaluation assessing modern American Capitalism and its impact on our culture - Essay Example This has led to the increase of profit margins and maintenance of the status quo of the bourgeoisies, who are the sole proprietors of the factors of production. This research paper assesses the modern American societies’ view of the term profit maximization in comparison to the traditional American society’s view of a reasonable profit and mutual benefit from an exchange. In the modern American society, profit maximization is viewed as the basis of a dominant business model. This model ensures the proper use of all the factors of productions such as labour and land. It is also necessary to note that that profit maximization does not involve the over-exploitation of customers (Calvin & Sandomir 123). This is because excellent products and services will capture the attention and loyalty of customers, thus ensuring maximization of the profit margins of any business organization. In the modern American business cultural environment, the currency trade dominates the economy. This contrasts with the traditional American economy where barter trade was perceived as the finest means of trade. The modern American society also considers profit maximization as a perfect social business. This is an emerging business system, in this American civilization era, where profit entity’s primary aim is to benefit the whole society. ... For instance, the traditional marketing economy viewed a reasonable profit in several diverse ways. First, traditional owners of the factors of production argued that an increased investment, in the capital market or fixed capital, was the basis of a reasonable profit. The assets, in the traditional capitalistic competition, were the major constant factor that increased productivity and maximization of profit margins (Lichtenstein 122). In cases of reduced margin of surplus labour, the capital market increased the production as well as reasonable profit. Traditionally, the capitalistic view of profit maximization can be concluded as primitive as compared to the modern ones. In the modern American society, profit maximization, as a result of surplus production, is acquired through technological advancements. In the traditional capitalistic competition markets, profit maximization was solely experienced though forced and harsh labour conditions. This, in turn, highly undermined the soc ial and cultural prestige of the traditional American societies. The modern America free enterprise economy has to some extent, weakened cultural practices especially in the investment strategies carried out by business organizations. Self-interest is the basis in which the modern American capitalistic competition is based upon. This opposes the traditional communalism nature where capitalistic competition was focused towards benefiting the whole society (Calvin & Sandomir 145). This, in turn, enhanced the peaceful coexistence in the marketing economy and social cohesion. Serving self-interests, in the modern American society, has led to the

Importance of teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance of teams - Essay Example The following section will focus on importance of teamwork in other sectors like aviation, auto racing and military and the lessons that healthcare industry can learn. Teamwork is extremely important for any sector that is highly reliant on human performance. In a team two aspects are equally important – taskwork and teamwork. While the former means the skills needed by the members to execute their tasks, the latter means the approach needed by the members to complete the tasks. In aviation, both of these are required. The importance of effective task performance by crew members in the cockpit cannot be denied. At the same time, there should be strong teamwork for harmonization and communication between the crew members. Records have shown that 68 percent of air mishaps occur due to poor coordination between aircrew (Salas & Maurino, 2010, p.254). According to Salas et al. (2005) there are five requirements for a team’s efficiency. First, strong leadership since it is through a team leader’s guidance the members can perform in a coordinated manner. Second, members need to monitor the activities of each other to keep track of e rrors or lapses to ensure perfection in overall performance. Third, backup behavior like members with less work load should share the burden of those who have excessive work load. Fourth, adaptability which means members should be able to adjust their work in case of unexpected difficulties. Fifth, team orientation indicates that each person should have compatible approach to work with other individuals. All the five elements are required in aviation in order to handle any emergency situation in the cockpit. In auto racing, teamwork between pit crew and race is considered as exemplary. The process underlying auto racing itself requires high level of team work, and it is said that no other industry promotes teamwork as

Impact of Financial Markets on Economy, Businesses, and Individuals Assignment - 1

Impact of Financial Markets on Economy, Businesses, and Individuals - Assignment Example Retirees depend highly on the returns of their pension funds. Thus, a fall in stock prices may lead to a loss to a portion of the syndicated investment of the funding in the stock market, reducing the overall return and giving them less purchasing power The federal reserve of the United States is the central bank of the country which facilitates the banking system of the country. It provides services for account maintenance, payment and collection services, circulation currency and transferring funds. For the government it acts as a fiscal agent by honouring treasury check, electronically processing transactions and handling the issuance, transfer and redeem of government securities The board of governors is appointed by the president to serve 14 years of office. Their primary responsibility includes the formulation of the monetary policy, approving the currency circulation limitations and setting cash reserve requirements for the commercial banks (FederalReserve.gov, 2014). The board focuses on developing swift payments system in the country and implementing laws that are related to consumer credit. It sets marginal limits to the use of credit or security purchase and reserves regulatory and supervisory rights over the banking system. The chairman of the Federal Reserve is appointed by this board of governors as well. The chairman of the Federal Reserve is one of the active board members and assumes the role of the head of the central bank. Under his leadership, the board of governors of the Federal Reserve carries out their responsibilities of analyzing, interpreting and regulating the financial system of the country. The chairman is required to report to the congress bi-annually to relate the activities and decisions of the central bank. He maintains contacts with the president’s financial advisory council and other economic officials. The chairman also maintains membership of leading financial institutions internationally like the IMF, BIF etc.  

The Crucible Act Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Act Essay This meant that God chose each person from birth for salvation or damnation. Only God knew the fate of a person and nothing you did would change it. They lived very strict lives that adhered to the divine law and you were condemned if you didn’t obey it. 2. When Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft just to get the pressure off of her and so that they would stop asking her questions. More evidence is found when we discover the affair between Abigail and proctor which could be the reason why Abigail tries to hide the truth about what really happened. An alternative is that they just wanted to do something daring and fun because Puritans were very strict and they didn’t have that much freedom. Or they wanted to use witchcraft to make potions to get men to fall in love with them. 3. Reverend Paris is the minister of Salem. He caught his daughter Betty, Ruth Putnam, and Abigail Williams dancing with Tituba in the woods. He thinks they were performing witchcraft and now he’s worried that he’ll be kicked out of the town for having a witch as a daughter. He is a paranoid, attention seeking, self-absorbed person. Most people in the town don’t like him. 4. Thomas Putnam was a very wealthy man who wanted to increase his wealth buy accusing people of witchcraft and then buying their land. Ann Putnam is Thomas Putnam’s wife who is woman who has experienced many deaths and has bad dreams. She thinks that witchcraft was the reason that she had 7 stillborn children, so she’s okay with blaming these deaths on the supernatural and wants justice for the â€Å"wicked doings† of someone else. Ruth Putnam is the only surviving child of the Putnams. She fell ill along with Betty after Reverend Parris found them dancing in the woods. Ruth goes to Tituba to conjure spirits so she’d be able to communicate with her dead siblings because her mother asked her to. 5. It became suspicious when we found out that Elizabeth didn’t want to sit near Abigail (whom she fired), despite the fact that Abigail has denied doing anything wrong. The commentary gives us a bit of background information and helps us understand some of the things going on in the story. On page 1241 the 5 paragraphs of commentary go into detail about Thomas Putnam, discussing his background life and personality. From this commentary we now know that Putnam was very wealthy and he felt like he had superiority over everyone else. He has a vindictive, revengeful, and bitter personality. This gives us insight into the character so that we can deeply understand them which will help us grasp the story better.

Essence Of Decision A Review Politics Essay

Essence Of Decision A Review Politics Essay Graham Allisons Essence of Decision offered alternative conceptual models on foreign policy decision making and a specific discussion on the Cuban missile crisis; and has been one of the influential book in history of foreign policy analysis. It gives a significant contribution to political science study, as it has been heavily cited in most international relations textbook and also discussed by foreign policy analysts. However, despite the models strong influence in foreign policy study, it has been heavily criticised by foreign policy analysts about its utility and value in decision making analysis. In Essence of Decision, Allison proposes three different lenses that offers a multi-level analysis rather than a regular solely system-level to analyse foreign policy decision making. His first model, Unitary Government Model or Rational Actor Model (RAM) explain government as a black box, thus the internal actors have the same goals and opinion on how to achieve the goal. On the other hand, model II and model III will open the black box and discuss at two different things inside the box and later known as bureaucratic politics model. Model II or Organizational Process Model looks at the key organizational or agencies with their own function, mission and structure. Lastly, Model III or Governmental Politics Model will focus on key individual decision makers and the political bargaining process among them. Nonetheless, Allisons conceptual framework has been not only highly praised by foreign policy analysts, but also has been much criticised since its first edition. Number of criticism has risen regarding Allisons conceptual framework, ranging from its originality until the problem of evidences that have been used by Allison in explaining the Cuban Missile Crises. Conford and Horelick, for example, argue that Allisons model is not wholly original work, rather than it is developed from previous study. Moreover, another group of criticism have questioned the account of the Cuban Missile Crises that explained by Allison. Despite these two criticisms, there are number of criticism that will be discussed in the following section. By looking at number of criticism about Allisons model, there is a big question about the usefulness of the model in foreign policy decision making process analysis. This essay aims to evaluate the utility of Allisons conceptual policy in foreign policy decision making. This essay will also critically discuss each of the three models by looking from some perspectives. Moreover, taking into account that this essay relies on Allisons Essence of Decision, this essay will also look at the decision making process regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis. Allisons Conceptual Framework Model I: The Rational Actor (RAM) Model I is the basic yet critical conceptual framework that mostly utilized in foreign policy decision making analysis. RAM is the best model in explaining and predicting of an individual behaviour, as well as purpose generalization in states action. The model reduces the organizational and governmental political complications by looking at government as unified actor.  [1]  Thus, a complete-informed government -regarded as black box- will process information to optimize rational action. The internal structure within decision making process will calculate the potential pro and con and later rank all the options by their chance to succeed.  [2]   Its feature of being easy to utilize, RAM could be useful when a state has limited or even no available information about the enemy. Therefore, since it does not require information to analyse a case, RAM would be very suits in a crisis situation. It would safe more time since a state does not necessary do a complex evaluation about their enemy. Lastly, RAM that stresses interaction among states, will immediately produce prudent decision after considering the pro and con. Its simplicity in analysing a case makes RAM one of the popular methods in foreign policy decision making process. On the other side, some foreign policy analysts argue that in the real foreign policy formation, number of external and individual interest factor will eventually give a big impact. Moreover, RAM tends to ignore a large state with complex bureaucratic nature that has various kinds of departments with their own different political and ideological perspectives.  [3]  Therefore, along with the argument that intra-national factors are very importantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦yet critical when one is concerned with planning policy, Allison has proposed so-called, Bureaucratic Politics Model.  [4]   Model II: Organizational Process Difficulties will arise when the case that are going to be examined is not the behaviour of an individual or a state with simple bureaucracy model, but the behaviour of one organization or government with complex structure inside. Therefore, Allison provides two alternative conceptual frameworks that will open up the black box to evaluate internal structure inside the government, which is later known as Model II and Model III. Model II or Organizational Process Model focuses on the existing organization and their standard operating procedures (SOP) for gaining information, defining possible option and implementing programme.  [5]  Each organization has an agreement for both its mission and function. Afterward, series of program are developed to carry out those missions. In defining feasible option, Model II argues that it is restricted based on SOP that will enhance performance and efficiency. Moreover, Model II is not optimizing rational actor, as model I does, but rather, it is satisfying decision making actors. Its account that foreign policy outcomes are derive from bureaucratic programs, routines and SOP, makes number of advantage from this model. It emphasizes the important domestic political influences on process of foreign policy decision making that sometimes missed out from RAM. Therefore, model II reminds the analysts that the policy was formed not only by a high level decision-maker, but sometimes it is formed by organization.  [6]   Nevertheless, a set of criticism has arisen in the utility of model II. Its emphasis on organisational culture may ill-serve higher level officials and finally can lead to impair the analysts understanding of organizations and their behaviour.  [7]  Even though this kind of problem does not occur for most of the time, but we can take it as a consideration of the effectiveness of the model. Model III: Governmental Politics Governmental politics model or government bargaining model focuses on key individual decision makers with their great influence in deciding on organizational actor. Moreover, the model assumes that decision makers have different perceptions, priorities, commitments and also organizational positions (where you stand depends on where you sit). Therefore, model III assumes that governmental actions are the result of a political bargaining process among key players. Furthermore, bargaining and negotiation processes will result in satisfying rather than optimizing decision making result. It obviously explained because personal ambition of key actor may diverge from public policy position and may lead to personal power considerations when making decision. Between Allisons three conceptual frameworks, model III adds important detail about domestic politics that obviously, cannot be found in model I. In addition, model III not only explains the roles of key individuals, but it also explains why individuals are working at contrary purposes to the interest of the government as a whole. Lastly, model III gives us explanation why policy sometimes appears to be irrational if we look it from a unitary government perspective. Nevertheless, model III also received many critics, especially on the complexity of the model. It is focus on individual key actor that makes it difficult to study and analyse. Moreover, it requires too many variables, some variable are unknown and it is hard to apply for other countries with unclear bureaucratic politics inside. Criticism toward Allisons conceptual framework Allisons conceptual framework has been attacked by number of criticism, varying from the originality of the model, different interpretation of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the US political system, and also methodological criticism. As Stephen D. Krasner has argued that Allisons model à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is misleading, dangerous, and compelling.  [8]  Therefore, in this section, number of criticism of Allisons model will be critically discussed and assessed. Some foreign policy analysts, such as, Cornford, Horelick, Ball and Art claimed that Allison did not present a pure brand new approach to analysing foreign policy process; but rather it just development from previous theories. Conford has claimed that organisational process mode is previously done by writers such as, Simon, March and Simon, Cyert and March.  [9]  Furthermore, Conford has claimed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Model IIIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is pure Neustadt.  [10]  Horelick et al.  [11]  supported Confords argument by suggesting that the bureaucratic model is closely related to previous work done by Kremlinologists.  [12]  Ball and Art  [13]  also mentioned names of analyst that originally make the bureaucratic policy model, such as Huntington, Hilsman, Schilling, and Neustadt.  [14]   Nevertheless, Allison has dedicated a section in his book to acknowledge previous scholars that become his foundation in developing his methods. He is fully aware that he utilizes and developed earlier scholars work as he mentioned in his book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this encourages much repackaging of existing theoriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [15]  Therefore, he identifies a group of writers such as March and Simon, Barnard, Cyert and Simon and so on for foundation of model II.  [16]  Furthermore, Allison also acknowledged his intellectual debt to previous scholars that related to model III paradigm,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦model III variety have attracted increasing attention since 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the publication of Presidential Power by Richard E. Neustadt.  [17]  Hence, we could argue that Allisons originality does not lie in his model, but rather in his approach to apply his models consistently to one particular case study, the Cuban Missile Crisis.  [18]   Another criticism can be seen from methodological perspective; numbers of similarities between model II and model III have shaped ambiguity between those two models. In many occasions, some foreign analysts will combine model II and model III to analyse a case study, including Allison himself. In his article with Halperin, Allison combines those two models and become one major model the bureaucratic politics paradigm- as an alternative model to RAM.  [19]  As Conford argues that the three models is not totally incommensurable model to analyse foreign policy making process.  [20]  Therefore, even though Allison distinguishes three kinds of model in foreign policy analysis, those models is not easily separable in their actual application. In bureaucratic politics model, decision is not arise from one unitary actor, but through some bargaining between organisation structures with their own agenda. Model II and model III have identical characteristics that enable them to be grouped as bureaucratic politics model. The two models are similar in a sense that both models focus on departments and organizations inside the decision maker; however, it is slightly different, in a sense that, if model II will reach a decision through Standard Operation Program, model III will make a decision through bargaining between various players within government. Despite the insignificant difference between those models, they are usually combined as the bureaucratic politics model.  [21]   However, Caldwell has raised bureaucratic politics models major problem regarding the use of evidence and data. The model requires detailed data that hardly available in term of quantity and quality. In addition, Caldwell argued that there is huge possibility for analyst to imposing the model on the evidence rather than testing the model against it. Therefore, bureaucratic politics model has significant problem in analysing the data and evidence, since previous empirical problems show that data was made to fit the model.  [22]   Allisons alternative model has also been argued that it eliminated decision-makers responsibility toward the policy. The strong criticism has risen from Steel and Krasner, which argued that no one, even the President, holds responsibility of the policy as the outcome from bargaining process among bureaucratic groups. As Steel argued that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦where everyone is responsible for a decision, no one is responsible.  [23]  The same argument also comes from Krusnet who argued that bureaucratic politic eliminates the importance of election: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Elections are a farce not because the people suffer from false consciousness, but because public officials are impotent, enmeshed in a bureaucracy so large that the actions of government are not responsive to their will.  [24]  In contrast, Smith argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this criticism is only valid to the extent to which the President is unable to get his wishes carried out.  [25]  Therefore, the criticism from Ste el and Kranser is not applicable for all cases and need to be modified. Furthermore, following previous criticism, there is criticism about Allisons model utility to other countries. Even though Allison clearly points out his intention to present two additional frameworks to other countries foreign policy analysis (not only limited to the US and Soviet Unions policy making)  [26]  , a group of writers has argued the inability of the model to analyse foreign policy behaviour in other countries, to be precise, un-industrialized countries. As Hill has noted that there is a growing consensusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦over the inapplicability of the insights of Allison, et al. to foreign policy-making inside less modernised states.  [27]  Migdal has also argued that the model cannot be applied to the countries that do not have stability of organizational structure, routine, and even bargaining process.  [28]  Moreover, Brenner also argues that Allisons model is not a universal model and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦more distinctive in the United States than elsewhere.  [ 29]  Despite all criticisms regarding its utility to other countries, Weil has proved, in fact, the model could be utilised in the North Vietnamese foreign policy analysis. As Weil notes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦examining North Vietnamese foreign policy decision making from a governmental politics perspective complements understanding gained from a rational actor analysis.  [30]   Nevertheless, analists argued that the model is not even applicable to the Soviet Union, although the Soviet Union foreign policy has been heavily discussed in Essence of Decision. It is not only because the model requires more specific information than is available, but also as Dawisha has noted that the bureaucracy in some countries (e.g. the Soviet Union) is fundamentally different from its position in the United States because the persistent influence of the Communist Party.  [31]  Therefore, there is a doubt about the utility of Allisons model in other countries, as Wagner has pointed out, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the extension of Allisons model III to other countries may be a less straightforward enterprise than he implies.  [32]   Singapores defence posture change in the early 1980s In the early 1980s, Singapore announces a major important change in its defence policy, from a defensively deterrent strategy (poisonous shrimp) to a more actively deterrent strategy (known as the porcupine). In an article done by Pak Shun Ng, he applies Allisons model to analyse Singapores domestic decision making process. Pak Shun Ng treats Singapore as unitary rational actor to utilizing model I (RAM); the military organisations as the unit of analysis for model II; lastly, the military and political party leadership (including senior military leaders and civilian leaders of Singapores ruling party, the Peoples Action Party (PAP)) as units of analysis for model III.  [33]  The article argues that model II and model III provide the most reasonable explanation of the change in Singapores defence position in the 1980s; while model I has failed to fully explain the change. Model II first reveals the appropriate development of both Singapores military capability and military planni ng ability. Furthermore, model III then prove details how the Singapore Armed Force (SAF) could announce the change convincingly to improve its stature among Singaporeans and foreigners by persuasive them that Singapore has appropriate capability to defend and survive any potential threat.  [34]  Even though the article heavily honours the utility of Allisons model, but it still proposes modification of the models in order to be able to analyse a decision making process in a small and non-western states under absence of crisis condition. Furthermore, the case study of Singapores policy making shows the evidence of model II and III complete each other and make one alternative model against RAM, namely, the bureaucratic politic model. Therefore, it supports the criticism that previously discussed that Allisons models, especially model II and III, have strong similarities and hardly separate. The utility of Allisons model also can be tested in the US foreign policy in Iran hostage crisis in 1979. The bureaucratic politics model is applicable in analysing the decision making process under President Carter administration. The key group in Carters government consisted of number individual who have important position in the executive branch, and also political outsiders that rarely well known, yet have close personal relations to the President. Within the key group that were known as the Georgia mafia, there are two closest advisors for the President; the chief of staff, Hamilton Jordan and Carters press secretary, Jody Powell. Even though these two advisors are not familiar in politic and foreign policy process, they were loyal and intelligent. When sixty American were taken hostage at the American embassy in Iran on 4 November 1979, the initial response from Carter is criticised to be quite slow. On 11 November, the US gave economy sanction by initiating embargo of Iranian oil. While the economy sanction was undertaken, there were ongoing debates about the next step dealing with the crisis. There were two major options; a commando raid to rescue hostages and outright air strikes and military blockades.  [35]  Here we can clearly see how each faction in the government has their own argument to propose to the President is clearly explained by Allisons bureaucratic politics model. A strong debate was occurred between Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance; National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzenzinsky and Carters inner circle, Powell and Jordan. Vance was explicitly being in opposition to any military action after considering that American allies would not tolerate such behaviour. Therefore, he believed that the national security of the US could be maintained without endangering the lives of sixty American citizens.  [36]  On the other side, Brzezinsky strongly opposed military measure as the best means to protect Americas vital interests.  [37]  Moreover, the argument was supported by the director of the CIA, Stanfield Turner, after considering the CIAs best estimates that 60 percent of the hostages could be killed as a result of very complex rescue process. These two faction also argued that they are responsible for the national security, roughly 250 million Americans, and they couldnt simply compromised for the sake of sixty hostages. The final faction c ame from Carters inner circle, including Powell and Jordan, who were concern about the impact of Iran hostage crisis on upcoming election in 1981. The President concurred Vances opinion that a negotiated settlement would be the best for maintaining both national interest and national security. As the response of Carters decision, he received public support, which is important for the upcoming election. However, after considering the effectiveness of the plan, Powell and Jordan opposed the President for tough action against Iranians, again, in order to win the election. In the end, with strong pressure from some faction and absence of Vance in decision making process at the time, Carter called for an immediate military rescues on April 11. The military rescue plan ended in failure with crash of number of helicopters and planes; and killing eight US servicemen. Finally, in 1981s election, Reagan came into power and selesai lah sudah This illustrates the absence of one faction who opposes one specific argument could impact the decision making process as a whole.

A Sociological Look at JAWS Essay -- essays papers

A Sociological Look at JAWS The movie I choose to review was Jaws, which is one of my favorites and a timeless classic. A traditional story about man against beast takes place on an island that depends on its summer tourist business. When the summer season in threatened by a series of shark attacks three men are sent out to track down a great white shark. The three main (human) characters are Brody (Roy Scheider), the police chief, who came to the island from New York looking, so he thought, for a change from the fears of the city. There's Quint (Robert Shaw), a caricature of the crusty old seafaring salt, who has a very personal reason for hating sharks. And there's Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss), the rich kid turned oceanographer, who knows best of all what a shark can do to a man, and yet is willing to get into the water with one The movie starts just before the summer boom with a girl running out in to the ocean for a midnight dip. She is undoubtedly attacked by a shark and when she is found on the beach the next morning the town officials dismiss the find as a boating accident. Chief Brody who is not convinced of that is was a boating accident fears it was a shark attack. With the safety of not only the islanders but also the coming tourist crowds Brody tries to close the island off the tourists until the problem is solved. The Mayor sensing what Brody is up to stops the Chief from cutting off the islands only means of income. The Mayor tells Brody that no one is sure what happened to the girl and no decision like this can be made with the evidence at hand. Brody unwillingly agrees. When there is another attack, this time on a small child and in broad daylight, a meeting is called to discuss what to do about the islands problem. The Chief decides t call the mainland for help but being an island of fishermen the locals have only on thing on their minds. This is where we get to meet Quint. Quint is convinced that the only way to solve the problem is to hunt it down. He offers his services, for a nominal fee of course. In the end the Mayor decides that the best way to deal with the problem is by offering a reward to anyone who catches the shark. In comes Hooper. He arrives just in time to see the parade of fishermen cast off in any thing that’ll float in hopes of catching the prize shark. With chaos erupt... ...e relationship work so well. Even though they are driven by different means the goal is the same. Then comes Quint. While Hooper and Brody need him he has given them grief ever since he was introduced the plot. The relationship of the three is shady at best with the old (Quint) and the new (Hooper) combining forces to catch â€Å"the beast† Brody finds he is in the middle. At time you think that the come close, almost to the point that you think they enjoy each other’s company, but soon enough Quint’s true colors shine through and the other two begin to resent the collaboration. The two scenes where this is most evident are when Quint smashes the radio and then pushes the engine past its limit and burns it out. On both accounts Hooper and Brody can’t believe what has been done and are sure they have made a bad decision. Being dubbed by critics as the movie that made people afraid to go in to the water Jaws became an instant classic. Even the memorable title track, which is basically two notes, is able to strike fear and resurrect memories of the beast. Released in 1975 it continues to captivate audiences and still gives me a reason not to go in the water.

Generous Generosity

Generous is an adjective frequently adopted by poets; generosity is a virtue greatly valued by nobilities; generous generosity is a depiction historically inherited by generations. I am always wondering that how does ‘generosity’ develop its personal charisma to attract so much attention? Is it possible to decode its mystery by tracing the origin of ‘generous’?Browsing through books, I discovered that some clues keep emerging. From a historic perspective, tracing word’s development back in time shows that in many cases what are now separate lexical items were formerly identical words. The deep prehistory of language has nurtured little word-seeds that over the millennia have proliferated into widely differentiated families of vocabulary. ‘Generous’ is a word of no exception.Originally, it was a derivative of genus in the sense â€Å"birth, stock, race,† and harks back semantically to its ultimate source in the Indo-European base â €˜gen’ denoting ‘produce’. Its Germanic offshoots include kin, kind, and probably king, but for sheer numbers it is the Latin descendant genus â€Å"race, type†. It probably entered the language in the 16th century coming via Old French genereux from Latin generosus, which originally meant â€Å"of noble birth† (a sense which survived in English into the late 17th century – Richard Knolles, for instance, in his General history of the Turks 1603, wrote of â€Å"many knights of generous extraction’).Years of evolution witness the moderate changes in the meaning of â€Å"generous†, and its semantic progression from ‘nobly born’ through ‘noble-minded, magnanimous’ to ‘liberal in giving’ impresses me while reading classics. In the field of literature, ‘generous’ enjoys a great rate of exposure. Let alone other authors, solely William Shakespeare used it for at least dozen times. Its first appearance was in Love’s Labour’s Lost, a work of Shakespeare’s early comedy.For instance, in scene one the fifth Actï ¼Å'a humorous dialogue conducted between the egg-headed Holofernes and Armado: Armado: Sir, it is the King’s most sweet pleasure and affection to congratulate the Princess at her pavilion, in the posteriors of this day; which the rude multitude call the afternoon. Holofernes: The posterior of the day, most generous sir, is liable, congruent, and measurable, for the afternoon. The word is well cull’d, chose, sweet, and apt, I do assure you, sir, I do assure. Under this circumstance, generous is an expression of nobility. As for a noble man, soul of innate generosity, every task is gracious and magnificent as well as every utterance.However, when this word was spoken by the bookish Hologernes, it sounded like a cheap flattery rather than a sincere approbation. In Love’s Labour’s Lost, generous was endowed wi th a new meaning, namely, kind giving. In scene two the fifth Act, Holofernes shouted that â€Å"This is not generous, not gentle, not humble† when he was roughly treated by courtiers. The above context reflects that generous stresses warm hearted readiness to give and demonstrates kindness to others in want of helps. Through Shakespeare’s interpretation, a generous sir can be defined as a well born person characterized by a noble spirit; generosity means the quality of being liberal and magnanimous.In addition, according to Alexander Pope 1, many people are capable of doing a wise thing, more a cunning thing, but very few a generous thing. What Pope intended to convey was that doing generous things demands lofty characters and unconditional dedication. Hovering in my mind, generous incorporates kind, wise and noble. Sometimes, the generous giving of ourselves can produce the generous harvest. Sometimes, barely detectable as it is, generosity can change someone elseâ⠂¬â„¢s life forever. Generous generosity is the most enchanting expression in English language, and the greatest wisdom cherished by civilized society, which urges people to do the generous deed, and to carry on the virtue of generosity.